


While Manetho portrayed the Hyksos as invaders and oppressors, this interpretation is questioned in modern Egyptology. In the Aegyptiaca, a history of Egypt written by the Greco-Egyptian priest and historian Manetho in the 3rd century BC, the term Hyksos is used ethnically to designate people of probable West Semitic, Levantine origin. The seat of power of these kings was the city of Avaris in the Nile delta, from where they ruled over Lower and Middle Egypt up to Cusae.

Hyksos ( / ˈ h ɪ k s ɒ s/ Egyptian ḥqꜣ(w)- ḫꜣswt, Egyptological pronunciation: hekau khasut, "ruler(s) of foreign lands" Ancient Greek: Ὑκσώς, Ὑξώς) is a term which, in modern Egyptology, designates the kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt (fl.
